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CBAM default values by country
When a non-EU producer does not supply verified emissions data, the EU importer must use a default value — the country figure published by the European Commission, plus a mark-up of 10% in 2026, 20% in 2027 and 30% from 2028. Pick your country of production to see every CN code.
CBAM default values differ several-fold between countries. Base values, in tonnes of CO₂e per tonne, range for hot-rolled flat (7208) from 0.140 (Azerbaijan) to 8.230 (Indonesia) across 32 countries; for wire rod (7213) from 0.140 (Azerbaijan) to 8.230 (Indonesia) across 32 countries; for screws and bolts (7318 15) from 1.370 (Philippines) to 8.230 (Indonesia) across 32 countries; for unwrought aluminium (7601) from 0.360 (Algeria) to 3.198 (Mozambique) across 67 countries; for aluminium sheet (7606) from 1.150 (Bolivia) to 4.986 (Mozambique) across 67 countries. A 10% mark-up is added in 2026, 20% in 2027 and 30% from 2028.
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75 countries
- _Other Countries and Territorie
- Albania
- Algeria
- Angola
- Argentina
- Australia
- Azerbaijan
- Bahrain
- Bangladesh
- Bolivia
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Brazil
- Cameroon
- Canada
- Chile
- China
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- Egypt
- El Salvador
- Georgia
- Ghana
- Guatemala
- India
- Indonesia
- Iran, Islamic Republic of
- Israel
- Japan
- Jordan
- Kazakhstan
- Kenya
- Korea, Republic of (South Korea
- Kuwait
- Malaysia
- Mexico
- Montenegro
- Morocco
- Mozambique
- Myanmar
- New Caledonia and dependencies
- New Zealand
- Nicaragua
- Nigeria
- North Macedonia
- Oman
- Pakistan
- Peru
- Philippines
- Qatar
- Russian Federation
- Saudi Arabia
- Serbia
- Singapore
- South Africa
- Sri Lanka
- Syria
- Taiwan
- Tajikistan
- Tanzania, United Republic of
- Thailand
- Tunisia
- Türkiye
- Uganda
- Ukraine
- United Arab Emirates
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Uruguay
- Uzbekistan
- Venezuela
- Viet Nam
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
Default values compared: major exporting countries
Base values in tCO₂e per tonne, before the mark-up. Click a country for every CN code.
| Country of production | Hot-rolled flat 7208 | Wire rod 7213 | Screws and bolts 7318 15 | Unwrought aluminium 7601 | Aluminium sheet 7606 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | 3.187 | 3.169 | 6.375 | 3.000 | 4.120 |
| India | 4.280 | 4.270 | 5.720 | 1.870 | 4.126 |
| Türkiye | 2.428 | 2.310 | 5.430 | 1.700 | 2.714 |
| Ukraine | 2.483 | 2.397 | 3.153 | 0.360 | 1.180 |
| Korea, Republic of (South Korea) | 2.118 | 2.118 | 3.474 | 0.360 | 1.950 |
| Taiwan | 2.310 | 2.298 | 2.707 | 0.360 | 1.150 |
| Viet Nam | 2.350 | 2.350 | 2.750 | 0.360 | 2.480 |
| Indonesia | 8.230 | 8.230 | 8.230 | 1.700 | 2.510 |
| Brazil | 1.620 | 1.610 | 2.560 | 1.700 | 2.500 |
| South Africa | 4.140 | 4.030 | 4.030 | 2.358 | 2.670 |
| United Kingdom | 2.420 | 2.310 | 2.770 | 1.870 | 2.610 |
| United States | 1.400 | 1.390 | 2.580 | 1.700 | 2.730 |
| Egypt | — | — | — | 1.870 | 3.624 |
| United Arab Emirates | — | — | — | 1.870 | 2.660 |
| Other countries and territories | 4.049 | 3.996 | 4.801 | 2.203 | 3.717 |
How the cost grows, 2026–2034
Two numbers rise together: the mark-up added to default values, and the share of embedded emissions your customer actually pays for as free allocation in the EU is phased out.
| Year | Mark-up on default values | Share of embedded emissions charged (CBAM factor) |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | +10% | 2.5% |
| 2027 | +20% | 5% |
| 2028 | +30% | 10% |
| 2029 | +30% | 22.5% |
| 2030 | +30% | 48.5% |
| 2031 | +30% | 61% |
| 2032 | +30% | 73.5% |
| 2033 | +30% | 86% |
| 2034 | +30% | 100% |
Source: Annex I to IR (EU) 2025/2621 as corrected by IR (EU) 2026/1740, Commission file of 6 August 2026. CBAM factor: Regulation (EU) 2023/956, Article 31.
Last updated 2026-10-05.
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